1. BOOL

Python 中bool类型把数0看作false
bool(0)

2. range

最常用的函数range，可传递1、2或3个参数，只有1个则是下边界，两个就是上下边界，三个则加上了步长。

3. lambda

类似于函数式程序语言Lisp，Python提供了lambda

f = lambda x,y: x+y
print f(1,2)

但是lambda功能有限，它只是一个表达式，不是一个语句，lambda会返回一个值，而不需要return，事实上使用了return就会出现语法错误
lambda实际上就是def的简化形式，但是它可以在列表等数据容器中出现

4. map

map函数处理的是函数，它对一个List对象的每一项都调用了一个传递的函数，并返回一个包含所有调用结果的列表

l = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
def inc2times(x):
    return x+x;
r = map(inc2times,l)
print r

print map(lambda x: x+x, l)

5. 函数式编程

python事实上完全支持函数式编程，函数即对象，这与JavaScript一致，函数可以作为对象来传递、调用，被作为列表的元素等

6. 嵌套函数的作用域

嵌套的函数对自己的局部作用域，包含自己模块的全局作用域以及内置的名字作用域有访问权，它对包含自己的函数的作用域无访问权。无论多深的函数嵌套都只能看见三个作用域。

def outer(x):
    def inner(i):
        print i
        if(i):
            innenr(i-1)
    inner(x)

outer(3)

上述代码就会语法出错。

7. name

每一个模块都有一个内置属性__name__
如果文件作为程序运行，在启动时，name__设置为字符串__main
如果文件是被导入的，__name__设置为用户已知的模块名

8.site-packages和disk-packages的区别

dist-packages is a Debian-specific convention that is also present in its derivatives, like Ubuntu. Modules are installed to dist-packages when they come from the Debian package manager into this location: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages Since easy_install and pip are installed from the package manager, they also use dist-packages, but they put packages here: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages From the Debian Python Wiki: dist-packages instead of site-packages. Third party Python software installed from Debian packages goes into dist-packages, not site-packages. This is to reduce conflict between the system Python, and any from-source Python build you might install manually. This means that if you manually install Python from source, it uses the site-packages directory. This allows you to keep the two installations separate, especially since Debian and Ubuntu rely on the system version of Python for many system utilities.

9. 中文注释

在Linux中Python代码中加入中文注释提示编码错误，解决方案：
文件头加入# coding:utf-8